Brothers in scale: a rare pair

Found another - only the fifth - we know of the extremely rare and extremely difficult to observe double stars.
Unlike other gamma- ray binary star systems, detection of which was almost pure chance, which is located in the 15 th. light-years away 1FGL J1018 binary system. 6-5856 found quite purposefully. The new method proposed by Robin Corbet (Robin Corbet) and her colleagues, may in the future to exclude from this process is an element of chance, and the search for these rare objects will be carried out quite deliberately.

High-energy gamma-ray bursts are extremely difficult to even notice, because the earth from their powerful streams often reach just a few photons, and they are absorbed by the atmosphere, so that their observations from the Earth's surface are impossible. Therefore, in this paper, Korba and colleagues used the cosmic gamma-ray telescope Fermi.

The few (so far they have been known to four) of gamma- ray binary systems, which are known to scientists today, were discovered only by a happy coincidence. Astronomers have noticed some strange objects in the radio waves or X-rays, then these objects are studied more carefully - and only then identify them. The case of 1FGL J1018. 6-5856 - special: ...

According to scientists, the system 1FGL J1018. 6-5856 is a rapidly spinning neutron star pulsating in the result of interactions with the stellar wind of the companion star, which refers to the spectral class O - that is, to the hottest, brightest and largest. The stars of this binary system turn around each other for 17 Earth days, and periodically discharges a powerful neutron flux of gamma rays.

Apparently, it was the huge size and - consequently - huge amounts of wind and the density of charged particles from the star, the O- class, lead to the fact that this dual system is not observed for the usual periodic outbreaks of such facilities in other regions of the spectrum - in fact, they block the wind.

According to scientists, over time, these gamma- ray systems have evolved: the extremely rapid rotation is just a quick, and the wavelength of their emission lengthened all, moving in the X-ray region. The system becomes more familiar form of X-ray pulsar.

Welcome to the pancakes

Once again, convinced that women do not know how to cook. It is always best to take everything into their own hands. Even such primitive dish like pancakes.

For pancakes important - not a recipe, but the hands and tools blinopeka. Therefore, we need a cast-iron frying pan or thick-walled, manners ( at worst a rag or towel ) saucepan or deep bowl, ladle, whisk to mix.

Of the products needed: milk, flour, vegetable oil, sugar and salt. You can add to taste honey or cinnamon. Sometimes I mixed into juice with jam. In general, the recipe for pancakes is not in the main.

For the test pancake, pour into a saucepan two cups of milk. This is about a stack of pancakes, as in the photo. Next sypem flour, and stir sypem. It is important to achieve consistency of sour cream shop at about 15%. This is where if you scoop up and pour back the mixture flows, rather than dumped as fat sour cream, but not like milk or water. Do not recall that I was showered with a prescription, just rolling in, interrupted, looking texture, rolling in all. When a result is achieved, sypem sugar ( two or three tablespoons), salt ( two to three teaspoons), additives to taste.

It is necessary to know the following: if a mixture is too thick, it will be too thick pancakes. If you pour a little, then cook the pancakes will not - will simply be boiled mixture to the pan. Or pancakes come out too thin and brittle and strongly attach to pan. If you pour a lot of sugar, the pancakes are sweet and very quickly becomes brown. If a little sugar - the pancakes are almost white, if they are not specifically perederzhivat on fire. If the additive is - for example, honey - it is better to subtract the weight of sugar additives.

In the ready-mix pour ladle of vegetable oil and stir again. Oil does not mix with the dough, it is uniformly distributed on it. It will not make pancakes sticking to the pan.

Now put the pan on the fire. I generally support the average fire. But some people like to maximize. We wait until the pan become hot. Until then pour a spoonful of vegetable oil and smudge it in a frying pan. Excess oil to drain into the sink. At this point, we get a nice PSHSHSHSH of the shell. ).

Dripping a little dough in the pan. We look at it as how we heated pan, and got as far as the dough itself. If turned mikroblinchik - you can start.

The first pancake is almost always a lump. First, the pan may not be able to reach the desired temperature. Secondly, we have not yet adapted themselves. Third, the first attempt to gather a residual oil from the frying pan. In general, the first attempt - he on trial.

Fill the damn way: hold the left pan, ladle - Right. Pour from the ladle in a circle and simultaneously rotate the pan, the dough spread over the entire surface. Many do not have to pour, usually polpolovnika enough that the entire pan is covered with the test.

Damn fried very quickly. We determine that it is time to turn on two grounds: there is no liquid on the surface of the pancake and the edges begin to rouge. If the edges of rosy, and the liquid in the center of the pancake is - you're overdoing the dough or batter very watery.

Picks up a shovel and turn the pancake. There needs skill. But two to five damaged and torn pancakes and skill will. On the reverse side of the grill, and almost do not need. For half a minute and you can shoot a pancake from the frying pan.

Immediately fill the following. And so on until the complete disappearance of the test.

Supershik - is frying pans at two with 2-3 liters of milk. I have not seen this, but I was told. While lying with one liter of roasting on the two somehow.

Pancakes can be greased with butter. This will increase their lifespan. But I have pancakes more than a few hours of rare live, so that the oil they do not need.

Now you can get the cream and jam along with other stuff and devour pancakes a bit of sugar. Or make the stuffing and make stuffed pancakes. At this point who is in that much.

Bon Appetit!.

Scanning books is not just the creation of digital libraries.

Already more than 23,000 books have been translated into electronic form, in collaboration with Internet Archive, a nonprofit digital library.

Library digitizes books mainly for the following reason. ... Thus, the scanning of books not only increases the amount of digital information, and is of historical significance and universal is the cause of conservation and enhancement of cultural heritage.

' The ability to search the text of the book is a great advantage of digital text, ' - said Betsy Kruger (Betsy Kruger), head of digital content. ' You decide whether you want to open a book before you go to the library '.

In addition to working with the University of Internet Archive, Library of the University is also part of the organization Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC), which is working with Google in an effort to digitize the vast number of books that will be available in Google Books.

According to a press release, Google in June 2007, the company plans to convert into electronic form about 10 million books.

Kruger says that the first thing most precious scanned book library, including many instances, published in the 17th and 18th century. These books are very difficult to study the mass, despite the fact that they contain a lot of important information. Stream scanning books gives you access to these materials to all scientists of the world.

CIC digitizes books, going from one university to another with special equipment for. scanning books. Now the organization is working at the University of Illinois, which was developed to digitize many volumes. CIC plans to five or six months to go to another university.

CIC is also engaged in scanning government documents - for example, such as congressional hearings and reports. In addition, the mass- scanned local newspapers, such as Illinois, have been digitized numbers of early 20th century, The Daily Illini and the Urbana Daily Courier. This allows you to store the local history in the form of a safe and easy to search for publications.

Only in cooperation with the Internet Archive, University of Illinois plans to scan 5000 books a year, despite the fact that this is a costly process. The price includes digitizing and processing of all files, formatting, and. Storage. It is very important for such graphic material as maps. A large-format card after scanning may take up to two terabytes of data.

On average, the Illinois Library is scanned about 500 pages per hour with the help of specialized book scanners. These devices digitize the material very carefully, but there are dilapidated documents, which is dangerous to trust, even this. scanning equipment.

...

Source:. dailyillini. com.